Tutorial ESP32: Cara Membuat Smart Fermentation Cellar Otomatis dengan Kontrol Suhu Histeresis, Motor Servo Katup, & Blynk IoT pada WOKWI

Pada bagian ini akan dibahas pembuatan sistem ruang fermentasi pintar (Smart Fermentation Cellar) berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32, sensor suhu dan kelembapan DHT22, motor servo untuk penggerak katup pendingin otomatis, LED indikator status, buzzer alarm, layar LCD 16×2 I2C, serta platform Blynk IoT pada software simulasi WOKWI. Skematik rangkaian ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1, program Arduino pada Kode 1, dan video pembuatan pada tautan Video 1. Sistem mengontrol kestabilan suhu fermentasi menggunakan algoritma histeresis (suhu ideal <= 15°C hingga di atas 20°C). Jika suhu ruangan fermentasi terlalu hangat (> 20.0°C), sistem secara otomatis menggerakkan motor servo membuka katup pendingin (90 derajat), menyalakan indikator LED biru, serta mengirimkan notifikasi peringatan real-time ke aplikasi Blynk. Pengguna juga dapat mengambil alih kontrol secara manual melalui fitur override pada aplikasi Blynk.

Gambar 1. Skematik rangkaian sistem

List Pin:

• Sensor Suhu & Kelembapan (DHT22)
  VCC => 3.3V / 5V
  GND => GND
  Data => GPIO 15 (DHTPIN)
• Display LCD 16×2 I2C (Alamat: 0x27)
  GND => GND
  VCC => 5V / 3.3V
  SDA => GPIO 21
  SCL => GPIO 22
• Motor Servo Katup Pendingin
  Signal => GPIO 18 (SERVO_PIN)
  VCC => 5V
  GND => GND
• Indikator LED & Buzzer Alarm
  LED Blue (Indikator Cooling / Katup Buka) => GPIO 4 (LED_BLUE)
  LED Green (Indikator Ideal / Katup Tutup) => GPIO 2 (LED_GREEN)
  Buzzer Alarm Peringatan Suhu Naik => GPIO 13 (BUZZER_PIN)

List Virtual PIN:

• V0 => Temperature (°C) – Datastream Nilai Suhu Ruang Fermentasi dari Sensor DHT22
• V1 => Humidity (% RH) – Datastream Nilai Kelembapan Udara Fermentasi dari Sensor DHT22
• V2 => Fermentation Status (String) – Menampilkan Status Operasional Cellar (“COOLING (OPEN)”, “IDEAL (CLOSED)”, atau “MANUAL OPEN”)
• V3 => Valve Angle (Integer 0/90) – Indikator Widget Posisi Sudut Bukaan Katup Motor Servo (0 atau 90 Derajat)
• V4 => Manual Override Switch (Integer 0/1) – Sakelar Tombol Kontrol Katup Manual dari Aplikasi Blynk

Kode Arduino 1. Kode Program

// ============================= 
// ALFIAN CENTER 
// SUBSCRIBE 
// FERMENTASI ANTI GAGAL! Buat Alat Smart Fermentation Cellar ESP32 DHT22 Blynk IoT Wokwi
// PROGRAM BAKAL AKU KIRIM DENGAN SYARAT DIBAWAH 
// LIKE 50, KOMEN 30 DAN * WAJIB SUBSCRIBE *
// PROGRAM DIKIRIM VIA KOMENTAR 
// =============================

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPLxxxxxx"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Fermentation Cellar"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "Your_Auth_Token"

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <ESP32Servo.h>
#include "DHT.h"

#define DHTPIN 15
#define DHTTYPE DHT22

#define SERVO_PIN 18
#define LED_BLUE 4
#define LED_GREEN 2
#define BUZZER_PIN 13

char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;
char ssid[] = "Wokwi-GUEST";
char pass[] = "";

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
Servo valveServo;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
BlynkTimer timer;

bool manualOverride = false;
bool isValveOpen = false;

BLYNK_WRITE(V4) {
  manualOverride = param.asInt() == 1;
}

void checkFermentationCellar() {
  float hum = dht.readHumidity();
  float temp = dht.readTemperature();

  if (isnan(hum) || isnan(temp)) {
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Sensor Error!!  ");
    return;
  }

  String statusText = "";
  int valveAngle = 0;

  // LOGIKA KONTROL KATUP PENDINGIN & HYSTERESIS SUHU FERMENTASI
  if (temp > 20.0 || manualOverride) {
    // TERLALU HANGAT (>20°C) -> Buka Katup Pendingin
    valveAngle = 90; // Servo Buka 90 Derajat
    valveServo.write(valveAngle);
    
    digitalWrite(LED_BLUE, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, LOW);
    
    if (!isValveOpen && !manualOverride) {
      tone(BUZZER_PIN, 1000, 200); // Alert Singkat saat Katup Buka
      Blynk.logEvent("fermentation_alert", "⚠️ Suhu Fermentasi Naik (" + String(temp, 1) + "°C)! Katup Pendingin Dibuka.");
    }
    
    isValveOpen = true;
    statusText = manualOverride ? "MANUAL OPEN" : "COOLING (OPEN)";
  } 
  else if (temp <= 15.0 && !manualOverride) {
    // SUHU IDEAL / DINGIN (<=15°C) -> Tutup Katup Pendingin
    valveAngle = 0; // Servo Tutup 0 Derajat
    valveServo.write(valveAngle);
    
    digitalWrite(LED_BLUE, LOW);
    digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, HIGH);
    noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
    
    isValveOpen = false;
    statusText = "IDEAL (CLOSED)";
  } 
  else {
    // RENTANG HYSTERESIS (15.1°C - 20.0°C) -> Pertahankan Posisi Sebelumnya
    if (isValveOpen) {
      valveAngle = 90;
      valveServo.write(valveAngle);
      digitalWrite(LED_BLUE, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, LOW);
      statusText = "COOLING (OPEN)";
    } else {
      valveAngle = 0;
      valveServo.write(valveAngle);
      digitalWrite(LED_BLUE, LOW);
      digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, HIGH);
      statusText = "IDEAL (CLOSED)";
    }
  }

  // UPDATE DATA KE BLYNK IOT
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, temp);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, hum);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, statusText);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, valveAngle);

  // UPDATE DISPLAY LCD 16x2
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("T:"); lcd.print(temp, 1); lcd.print("C ");
  lcd.print("V:"); lcd.print(isValveOpen ? "OPEN " : "CLOSE");

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("ST:"); lcd.print(statusText); lcd.print("        ");
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  pinMode(LED_BLUE, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED_GREEN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);

  valveServo.attach(SERVO_PIN);
  valveServo.write(0); // Posisi Awal Tutup

  dht.begin();
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();

  lcd.print("Smart Cellar V1 ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Fermentation Sys");
  delay(1500);

  Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
  lcd.clear();

  timer.setInterval(2000L, checkFermentationCellar);
}

void loop() {
  Blynk.run();
  timer.run();
}

Video 1. Video tutorial pembuatan

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