Tutorial ESP32: Cara Membuat Mesin Penetas Telur Otomatis Versi 4 dengan Kontrol 3 Kondisi (Heater, Humidifier, Exhaust), Motor Servo Pemutar Otomatis & Blynk IoT pada WOKWI

Pada bagian ini akan dibahas pembuatan sistem otomatisasi mesin penetas telur pintar versi 4 (Egg Incubator Version 4) berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32, sensor suhu dan kelembapan DHT22, layar LCD 16×2 I2C, motor servo untuk mekanisme pemutar telur otomatis, relay pemanas (heater), pelembap (humidifier), kipas exhaust sirkulasi, buzzer alarm peringatan, serta platform Blynk IoT pada software simulasi WOKWI. Skematik rangkaian ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1, program Arduino pada Kode 1, dan video pembuatan pada tautan Video 1. Sistem mengontrol kestabilan suhu inkubator (37.0°C – 39.0°C) dan kelembapan udara (50% – 60% RH) secara presisi serta dilengkapi fitur pemutaran posisi rak telur secara otomatis setiap 3 jam sekali menggunakan motor servo (atau dapat diuji secara manual via tombol virtual di aplikasi Blynk). Sistem juga memicu alarm buzzer dan notifikasi darurat ke aplikasi Blynk jika terjadi kondisi overheat atau kelembapan ekstrem.

Gambar 1. Skematik rangkaian sistem

List Pin:

• Sensor Suhu & Kelembapan (DHT22)
  VCC => 3.3V / 5V
  GND => GND
  Data => GPIO 15 (DHTPIN)
• Display LCD 16×2 I2C (Alamat: 0x27)
  GND => GND
  VCC => 5V / 3.3V
  SDA => GPIO 21
  SCL => GPIO 22
• Motor Servo Pemutar Telur
  Signal => GPIO 19 (SERVO_PIN)
  VCC => 5V
  GND => GND
• Aktuator Relay & Output Indikator (Simulasi LED / Relay Module)
  HEATER_PIN (Relay 1 / Pemanas) => GPIO 2 (LED Kuning)
  HUMIDIFIER_PIN (Relay 2 / Pelembap) => GPIO 5 (LED Biru)
  EXHAUST_PIN (Relay 3 / Kipas Sirkulasi) => GPIO 18 (LED Hijau)
  BUZZER_PIN (Alarm Peringatan) => GPIO 4

List Virtual PIN:

• V0 => Temperature (°C) – Datastream Nilai Suhu Inkubator dari Sensor DHT22
• V1 => Humidity (% RH) – Datastream Nilai Kelembapan Udara dari Sensor DHT22
• V2 => Status Sistem (String) – Menampilkan Status Operasional Inkubator (“KONDISI IDEAL”, “SUHU DINGIN”, “OVERHEAT!!”, “UDARA KERING”, “TERLALU BASAH”, “PEMUTARAN TELUR”, atau “OFF LINE (HP)”)
• V3 => Heater Status (Integer 0/1) – Indikator Widget LED Status Pemanas Aktif/Mati
• V4 => Humidifier Status (Integer 0/1) – Indikator Widget LED Status Pelembap Aktif/Mati
• V5 => Exhaust Status (Integer 0/1) – Indikator Widget LED Status Kipas Exhaust Aktif/Mati
• V6 => Manual Override Switch (Integer 0/1) – Sakelar Kontrol Mode Manual/Offline dari Aplikasi Blynk
• V7 => Servo Position (Integer 0/90) – Indikator Posisi Sudut Motor Servo Pemutar Telur dalam Derajat
• V8 => Manual Button Test Servo (Integer Push 1) – Tombol Simulasi / Demo Uji Putar Rak Telur dari Aplikasi Blynk

Kode Arduino 1. Kode Program

// ============================= 
// ALFIAN CENTER 
// SUBSCRIBE 
// Membuat Mesin Penetas Telur Otomatis Versi 4 IoT Kontrol 3 Kondisi dan Servo Pemutar Otomatis Simulasi Wokwi
// PROGRAM BAKAL AKU KIRIM DENGAN SYARAT DIBAWAH 
// LIKE 50, KOMEN 30 DAN * WAJIB SUBSCRIBE *
// PROGRAM DIKIRIM VIA KOMENTAR 
// =============================

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "ID"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "NAME"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "TOKEN"

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <ESP32Servo.h>
#include "DHT.h"

#define DHTPIN 15     
#define DHTTYPE DHT22   
#define HEATER_PIN 2     
#define HUMIDIFIER_PIN 5 
#define EXHAUST_PIN 18   
#define SERVO_PIN 19     // Servo Motor
#define BUZZER_PIN 4     

char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;
char ssid[] = "Wokwi-GUEST";
char pass[] = "";

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
Servo eggServo;
BlynkTimer timer;

// Variabel Kontrol
int manualOverride = 0; 
unsigned long waktuBeep = 0;
bool statusBuzzer = false;
bool isNotifSent = false;

// Variabel Servo Pemutar Telur
int posisiServo = 0; // Mulai dari 0 derajat
unsigned long waktuTerakhirPutar = 0;
// 3 Jam = 3 * 60 * 60 * 1000 milidetik = 10800000
const unsigned long INTERVAL_PUTAR_TELUR = 10800000; 

BLYNK_WRITE(V6) {
  manualOverride = param.asInt();
}

// Tombol Demo / Manual Test Putar Telur dari HP (V8)
BLYNK_WRITE(V8) {
  int buttonState = param.asInt();
  if (buttonState == 1) { // Jika tombol di aplikasi ditekan
    putarTelur();
  }
}

void putarTelur() {
  if (posisiServo == 0) {
    posisiServo = 90; // Putar ke posisi 90 derajat
  } else {
    posisiServo = 0;  // Kembalikan ke posisi 0 derajat
  }
  eggServo.write(posisiServo);
  
  // Update info ke Blynk & LCD
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V7, posisiServo);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, "PEMUTARAN TELUR");
  
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("SRV MOVE TO: "); lcd.print(posisiServo); lcd.print("deg ");
  delay(1500); // Beri jeda visual di LCD
}

void kontrolSistemInkubator() {
  float h = dht.readHumidity();
  float t = dht.readTemperature();

  if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Sensor Error!   ");
    return;
  }

  // ---- Logika Timer Otomatis Tiap 3 Jam ----
  if (millis() - waktuTerakhirPutar >= INTERVAL_PUTAR_TELUR) {
    waktuTerakhirPutar = millis();
    putarTelur();
  }

  String statusSistem = "";
  bool exhaustActive = false;

  if (manualOverride == 1) {
    statusSistem = "OFF LINE (HP)";
    digitalWrite(HEATER_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(EXHAUST_PIN, LOW);
    noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
  } 
  else {
    // ---- KONTROL HEATER ----
    if (t < 37.0) {
      digitalWrite(HEATER_PIN, HIGH);
      statusSistem = "SUHU DINGIN";
    } else if (t > 39.0) {
      digitalWrite(HEATER_PIN, LOW);  
      exhaustActive = true;           
      statusSistem = "OVERHEAT!!";
      
      if (!isNotifSent) {
        Blynk.logEvent("suhu_overheat", "Bahaya! Inkubator Overheat: " + String(t, 1) + "°C");
        isNotifSent = true;
      }
    } else {
      digitalWrite(HEATER_PIN, LOW);
    }

    // ---- KONTROL HUMIDIFIER ----
    if (h < 50.0) {
      digitalWrite(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, HIGH); 
      if(statusSistem == "") statusSistem = "UDARA KERING";
    } else if (h > 65.0) { 
      digitalWrite(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, LOW);
      exhaustActive = true;               
      if(statusSistem == "") statusSistem = "TERLALU BASAH";
    } else {
      digitalWrite(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, LOW);
    }

    // ---- KONTROL EXHAUST ----
    if (exhaustActive) digitalWrite(EXHAUST_PIN, HIGH);
    else digitalWrite(EXHAUST_PIN, LOW);

    // ---- KONTROL ALARM ----
    if (t > 39.0 || h < 40.0) { 
      if (millis() - waktuBeep > 300) {
        waktuBeep = millis();
        statusBuzzer = !statusBuzzer;
        if (statusBuzzer) tone(BUZZER_PIN, 1500);
        else noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
      }
    } else {
      noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
      isNotifSent = false; 
    }

    if (t >= 37.0 && t <= 39.0 && h >= 50.0 && h <= 60.0) {
      statusSistem = "KONDISI IDEAL";
    }
  }

  // Kirim Data Ke Dashboard Blynk
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, t);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, h);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, statusSistem);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, digitalRead(HEATER_PIN));     
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, digitalRead(HUMIDIFIER_PIN)); 
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, digitalRead(EXHAUST_PIN));    
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V7, posisiServo);

  // Update LCD 16x2 Lokal
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("T:"); lcd.print(t, 1); lcd.print("C ");
  lcd.print("H:"); lcd.print(h, 0); lcd.print("%   ");
  
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("R:"); 
  lcd.print(digitalRead(HEATER_PIN) ? "1" : "0");
  lcd.print(digitalRead(HUMIDIFIER_PIN) ? "1" : "0");
  lcd.print(digitalRead(EXHAUST_PIN) ? "1" : "0");
  lcd.print(" SV:"); lcd.print(posisiServo); lcd.print("deg   ");
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(HEATER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(EXHAUST_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  
  eggServo.attach(SERVO_PIN);
  eggServo.write(posisiServo); // Set posisi awal (0 derajat)

  dht.begin();
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();
  lcd.print("Inkubator Final");

  Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
  lcd.clear();

  timer.setInterval(500L, kontrolSistemInkubator);
}

void loop() {
  Blynk.run();
  timer.run();
}

Video 1. Video tutorial pembuatan

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