Tutorial ESP32: Cara Membuat Sistem Smart Greenhouse Jamur Tiram dengan Monitoring Level Tangki Air, Sensor Cahaya LDR (Lux), Sprayer Otomatis, & Blynk IoT pada WOKWI

Pada bagian ini akan dibahas pembuatan sistem otomatisasi kumbung jamur tiram pintar (Smart Mushroom Cultivation System V3) berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32, sensor suhu dan kelembapan DHT22, sensor cahaya LDR (untuk pemantauan intensitas cahaya Lux), sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 (untuk mengukur persentase level air tangki), relay pompa sprayer, relay kipas exhaust, buzzer alarm peringatan, indikator LED status, layar LCD 16×2 I2C, serta platform Blynk IoT pada software simulasi WOKWI. Skematik rangkaian ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1, program Arduino pada Kode 1, dan video pembuatan pada tautan Video 1. Sistem mengontrol kelembapan udara secara presisi (idealnya 70% – 80% RH) dan suhu ruang (< 28°C), melindungi pompa dari kerusakan akibat tangki kosong (proteksi level air <= 15%), serta mendeteksi paparan cahaya berlebih yang berbahaya bagi pertumbuhan jamur tiram.

Gambar 1. Skematik rangkaian sistem

List Pin:

• Sensor Suhu & Kelembapan (DHT22)
  VCC => 3.3V / 5V
  GND => GND
  Data => GPIO 15 (DHTPIN)
• Sensor Ultrasonik HC-SR04 (Level Tangki Air)
  Trig Pin => GPIO 5 (TRIG_PIN)
  Echo Pin => GPIO 18 (ECHO_PIN)
  VCC => 5V / 3.3V
  GND => GND
• Sensor Cahaya (LDR)
  Analog Output (AO) => GPIO 34 (LDR_PIN)
  VCC => 3.3V
  GND => GND
• Display LCD 16×2 I2C (Alamat: 0x27)
  GND => GND
  VCC => 5V / 3.3V
  SDA => GPIO 21
  SCL => GPIO 22
• Aktuator Relay, Indikator LED & Buzzer Alarm
  LED Green (Indikator Sistem Aman) => GPIO 2 (LED_GREEN)
  LED Red (Indikator Peringatan / Warning) => GPIO 4 (LED_RED)
  SPRAYER_PIN (Relay Pompa Pelembap Jamur) => GPIO 19 (SPRAYER_PIN)
  FAN_PIN (Relay Kipas Sirkulasi Udara) => GPIO 23 (FAN_PIN)
  BUZZER_PIN (Alarm Peringatan Darurat) => GPIO 13 (BUZZER_PIN)

List Virtual PIN:

• V0 => Humidity (% RH) – Datastream Grafik Real-Time Nilai Kelembapan Udara Kumbung dari DHT22
• V1 => Temperature (°C) – Datastream Grafik Real-Time Nilai Suhu Ruangan dari DHT22
• V2 => System Status (String) – Menampilkan Status Operasional (“ALL SYSTEM SAFE”, “TANK EMPTY!”, “SPRAYING…”, “HOT! FAN ON”, atau “TOO BRIGHT!”)
• V3 => Sprayer Pump Status (Integer 0/1) – Indikator Widget LED Status Pompa Penyiram Aktif/Mati
• V4 => Exhaust Fan Status (Integer 0/1) – Indikator Widget LED Status Kipas Pendingin Aktif/Mati
• V5 => Light Intensity (Float Lux) – Datastream Nilai Intensitas Cahaya Ruangan dari Sensor LDR
• V6 => Water Tank Level (Integer 0-100%) – Widget Gauge / Indikator Persentase Ketersediaan Air di Tangki

Kode Arduino 1. Kode Program

// ============================= 
// ALFIAN CENTER 
// SUBSCRIBE 
// Monitoring Cahaya, Level Tangki & Penyiram Otomatis Jamur Tiram ESP32 Blynk IOT WOKWI
// PROGRAM BAKAL AKU KIRIM DENGAN SYARAT DIBAWAH 
// LIKE 50, KOMEN 30 DAN * WAJIB SUBSCRIBE *
// PROGRAM DIKIRIM VIA KOMENTAR 
// =============================

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL6fXpWRB9k"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Smart Jamur"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "Be4I88wqVI3V_O9ZEv203tcLntkOjzBI"

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include "DHT.h"

#define DHTPIN 15     
#define DHTTYPE DHT22   
#define TRIG_PIN 5     // Trig Ultrasonik Tangki Air
#define ECHO_PIN 18    // Echo Ultrasonik Tangki Air
#define LDR_PIN 34     // LDR di GPIO 34
#define LED_GREEN 2    
#define LED_RED 4      
#define SPRAYER_PIN 19 // Relay Pompa Sprayer
#define FAN_PIN 23     // Relay Kipas Exhaust
#define BUZZER_PIN 13  

const float GAMMA = 0.7; 
const float RL10 = 33.0; 

char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;
char ssid[] = "Wokwi-GUEST";
char pass[] = "";

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
BlynkTimer timer;

// Fungsi Membaca Sensor LDR Presisi (GPIO 34)
float readLux() {
  int analogValue = analogRead(LDR_PIN);
  float voltage = analogValue / 4096.0 * 3.3;
  if (voltage >= 3.29) voltage = 3.29; 

  float resistance = 2000.0 * voltage / (1.0 - voltage / 3.3);
  float lux = pow(RL10 * 1e3 * pow(10, GAMMA) / resistance, (1.0 / GAMMA));
  return lux;
}

// Fungsi Membaca Level Air Tangki (0-100%)
int readWaterTank() {
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);

  long duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH, 30000); 
  if (duration == 0) return 100;

  int distance = duration * 0.034 / 2; // Jarak cm
  int tankLevel = map(distance, 25, 5, 0, 100);
  tankLevel = constrain(tankLevel, 0, 100);
  return tankLevel;
}

void monitorGreenhouseV3() {
  float h = dht.readHumidity();
  float t = dht.readTemperature();
  float lux = readLux();
  int waterLevel = readWaterTank();

  if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Sensor Error!!  ");
    return;
  }

  String statusStr = "";
  bool isWarning = false;

  // Debug Serial
  Serial.print("Lux: "); Serial.print(lux);
  Serial.print(" | Hum: "); Serial.print(h);
  Serial.print("% | Tank: "); Serial.print(waterLevel); Serial.println("%");

  // LOGIKA SISTEM
  // 1. Proteksi Tangki Air Kosong
  if (waterLevel <= 15) {
    digitalWrite(SPRAYER_PIN, LOW); // Matikan pompa paksa
    statusStr = "TANK EMPTY!";
    isWarning = true;
    tone(BUZZER_PIN, 1500, 200);
    // PERBAIKAN: Menambahkan tanda petik dua (") sebelum BAHAYA
    Blynk.logEvent("tank_kosong", "BAHAYA! Tangki Air Habis (" + String(waterLevel) + "%). Pompa Dimatikan!");
  } 
  else {
    // 2. Kontrol Penyiram Pelembab
    if (h < 70.0) {
      digitalWrite(SPRAYER_PIN, HIGH);
      statusStr = "SPRAYING...";
      isWarning = true;
    } else if (h >= 80.0) {
      digitalWrite(SPRAYER_PIN, LOW);
    }
  }

  // 3. Kontrol Kipas (Suhu)
  if (t > 28.0) {
    digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, HIGH);
    if (statusStr == "") statusStr = "HOT! FAN ON";
    isWarning = true;
  } else {
    digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, LOW);
  }

  // 4. Proteksi Intensitas Cahaya (> 50 Lux)
  if (lux > 50.0) {
    statusStr = "TOO BRIGHT!";
    isWarning = true;
    tone(BUZZER_PIN, 2000, 100);
  } 
  
  if (!isWarning && waterLevel > 15) {
    statusStr = "ALL SYSTEM SAFE";
    noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
  }

  // Indikator LED
  if (isWarning) {
    digitalWrite(LED_RED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, LOW);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LED_RED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, HIGH);
  }

  // Blynk Update
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, h);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, t);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, statusStr);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, digitalRead(SPRAYER_PIN) ? 1 : 0);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, digitalRead(FAN_PIN) ? 1 : 0);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, lux);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V6, waterLevel);

  // LCD Update
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("H:"); lcd.print(h, 0); lcd.print("% L:"); lcd.print(lux, 0); lcd.print("Lx   ");

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("ST:");
  lcd.print(statusStr);
  lcd.print("    ");
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); 

  pinMode(LED_GREEN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED_RED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SPRAYER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(FAN_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LDR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);

  dht.begin();

  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();
  lcd.print("Smart Mushroom");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("V3 Tank & Lux");
  delay(1500);

  Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
  lcd.clear();

  timer.setInterval(500L, monitorGreenhouseV3);
}

void loop() {
  Blynk.run();
  timer.run();
}

Video 1. Video tutorial pembuatan

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