Tutorial ESP32: Cara Membuat Mesin Penetas Telur Otomatis Versi 2 dengan Kontrol Suhu, Humidifier, & Blynk IoT Berbasis Sensor DHT22 pada WOKWI

Pada bagian ini akan dibahas pembuatan sistem otomatisasi mesin penetas telur pintar versi 2 (Egg Incubator Version 2) berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32, sensor suhu dan kelembapan DHT22, layar LCD 16×2 I2C, modul relay pemanas (heater), relay pelembap (humidifier), buzzer alarm peringatan, serta platform Blynk IoT pada software simulasi WOKWI. Skematik rangkaian ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1, program Arduino pada Kode 1, dan video pembuatan pada tautan Video 1. Sistem mengontrol kestabilan suhu inkubator secara presisi pada rentang ideal 37.0°C – 39.0°C dan kelembapan udara ideal 50% – 60%. Apabila suhu terlalu panas (overheat > 39.0°C) atau kelembapan turun drastis, sistem secara otomatis mengaktifkan alarm buzzer dan mengirimkan notifikasi darurat ke aplikasi Blynk. Sistem juga dilengkapi fitur override manual melalui virtual pin V5 pada dashboard Blynk.

Gambar 1. Skematik rangkaian sistem

List Pin:

• Sensor Suhu & Kelembapan (DHT22)
  VCC => 3.3V / 5V
  GND => GND
  Data => GPIO 15 (DHTPIN)
• Display LCD 16×2 I2C (Alamat: 0x27)
  GND => GND
  VCC => 5V / 3.3V
  SDA => GPIO 21
  SCL => GPIO 22
• Aktuator Relay & Output Indikator (Simulasi LED / Relay Module)
  HEATER_PIN (Relay 1 / Lampu Pemanas) => GPIO 2 (LED Kuning)
  HUMIDIFIER_PIN (Relay 2 / Sprayer Uap) => GPIO 5 (LED Biru)
  BUZZER_PIN (Alarm Peringatan Ekstrem) => GPIO 4

List Virtual PIN:

• V0 => Temperature (°C) – Datastream Nilai Suhu Inkubator dari Sensor DHT22
• V1 => Humidity (% RH) – Datastream Nilai Kelembapan Udara dari Sensor DHT22
• V2 => Status Sistem (String) – Menampilkan Status Operasional Inkubator (“IKLIM IDEAL AMAN”, “SUHU DROP!”, “OVERHEAT!!”, “UDARA KERING”, “TERLALU BASAH”, atau “OFF LINE (HP)”)
• V3 => Heater Status (Integer 0/1) – Indikator Widget LED Status Pemanas Aktif/Mati
• V4 => Humidifier Status (Integer 0/1) – Indikator Widget LED Status Pelembap Aktif/Mati
• V5 => Manual Override Switch (Integer 0/1) – Sakelar Tombol Kontrol Mode Manual/Offline dari Aplikasi Blynk

Kode Arduino 1. Kode Program

// ============================= 
// ALFIAN CENTER 
// SUBSCRIBE 
// Cara Membuat Mesin Penetas Telur Otomatis VERSI 2 Kontrol Suhu + Humidifier via Blynk IoT Menggunakan ESP32 Dan DHT22  Simulasi Wokwi
// PROGRAM BAKAL AKU KIRIM DENGAN SYARAT DIBAWAH 
// LIKE 50, KOMEN 30 DAN * WAJIB SUBSCRIBE *
// PROGRAM DIKIRIM VIA KOMENTAR 
// =============================

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "ID"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "NAME"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "TOKEN"

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include "DHT.h"

#define DHTPIN 15     
#define DHTTYPE DHT22   
#define HEATER_PIN 2     // LED Kuning (Relay Suhu)
#define HUMIDIFIER_PIN 5 // LED Biru (Relay Kelembapan)
#define BUZZER_PIN 4     // Alarm

char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;
char ssid[] = "Wokwi-GUEST";
char pass[] = "";

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
BlynkTimer timer;

// Variabel Kontrol
int manualOverride = 0; // Sekarang pindah ke V5
unsigned long waktuBeep = 0;
bool statusBuzzer = false;
bool isNotifSent = false;

// Membaca status tombol Override dari Blynk (V5)
BLYNK_WRITE(V5) {
  manualOverride = param.asInt();
}

void kontrolIklimInkubator() {
  float h = dht.readHumidity();
  float t = dht.readTemperature();

  if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Sensor Error!   ");
    return;
  }

  String statusSistem = "";

  // 1. Cek Mode Manual Override dari Blynk
  if (manualOverride == 1) {
    statusSistem = "OFF LINE (HP)";
    digitalWrite(HEATER_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, LOW);
    noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
  } 
  else {
    // ==================================================
    // LOGIKA RELAY 1: KONTROL SUHU (Ideal: 37.0°C - 39.0°C)
    // ==================================================
    if (t < 37.0) {
      digitalWrite(HEATER_PIN, HIGH); // Jalankan Lampu Pemanas
      statusSistem = "SUHU DROP!";
    } else if (t > 39.0) {
      digitalWrite(HEATER_PIN, LOW);  // Matikan Lampu Pemanas
      statusSistem = "OVERHEAT!!";
      
      // Kirim Notifikasi Darurat ke Blynk jika Overheat (Hanya Sekali)
      if (!isNotifSent) {
        Blynk.logEvent("suhu_overheat", "Bahaya! Inkubator Terlalu Panas: " + String(t, 1) + "°C");
        isNotifSent = true;
      }
    } else {
      digitalWrite(HEATER_PIN, LOW);  // Suhu aman hangat pas
    }

    // ==================================================
    // LOGIKA RELAY 2: KONTROL KELEMBAPAN (Ideal: 50% - 60%)
    // ==================================================
    if (h < 50.0) {
      digitalWrite(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, HIGH); // Nyalakan Sprayer Uap Air
      if(statusSistem == "") statusSistem = "UDARA KERING";
    } else if (h > 60.0) {
      digitalWrite(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, LOW);  // Matikan Sprayer
      if(statusSistem == "") statusSistem = "TERLALU BASAH";
    } else {
      digitalWrite(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, LOW);  // Kelembapan pas
    }

    // ==================================================
    // LOGIKA ALARM / BUZZER JIKA KONDISI SANGAT EKSTREM
    // ==================================================
    if (t > 39.0 || h < 40.0) { 
      if (millis() - waktuBeep > 300) {
        waktuBeep = millis();
        statusBuzzer = !statusBuzzer;
        if (statusBuzzer) tone(BUZZER_PIN, 1500);
        else noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
      }
    } else {
      noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
      isNotifSent = false; 
    }

    // Jika semua parameter masuk rentang ideal
    if (t >= 37.0 && t <= 39.0 && h >= 50.0 && h <= 60.0) {
      statusSistem = "IKLIM IDEAL AMAN";
    }
  }

  // 2. Kirim Data Ke Dashboard Blynk (Termasuk Status Real-time Relay)
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, t);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, h);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, statusSistem);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, digitalRead(HEATER_PIN));     // Kirim 1/0 ke LED Widget Heater
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, digitalRead(HUMIDIFIER_PIN)); // Kirim 1/0 ke LED Widget Humidifier

  // 3. Update LCD 16x2 Lokal
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("T:"); lcd.print(t, 1); lcd.print("C ");
  lcd.print("H:"); lcd.print(h, 0); lcd.print("%   ");
  
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("HT:"); lcd.print(digitalRead(HEATER_PIN) ? "ON " : "OFF");
  lcd.print("HM:"); lcd.print(digitalRead(HUMIDIFIER_PIN) ? "ON " : "OFF");
  lcd.print("    ");
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(HEATER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(HUMIDIFIER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  
  dht.begin();
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();
  lcd.print("Inkubator Pro v2");

  Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
  lcd.clear();

  timer.setInterval(500L, kontrolIklimInkubator);
}

void loop() {
  Blynk.run();
  timer.run();
}

Video 1. Video tutorial pembuatan

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